What is the typical estrous cycle length in cattle?

The typical estrous cycle length in cattle is approximately 21 days. This cycle consists of various stages, including proestrus, estrus (heat), metestrus, and diestrus. During the estrus phase, which lasts about 12 to 18 hours, the female is receptive to mating and can conceive. Understanding the length of the estrous cycle is crucial for effective breeding management and optimizing reproduction in cattle. Knowledge of this cycle allows producers to time artificial insemination and naturally occurring mating to coincide with the period of peak fertility, thereby improving the chances of successful breeding outcomes.

The other options reflect cycle lengths that are not typical for cattle, as shorter or longer cycles do not align with the reproductive physiology observed in this species. A 14-day cycle is too brief, while a 28-day cycle exceeds the normal range and a 35-day cycle is significantly longer than usual. This understanding of the estrous cycle is fundamental for anyone involved in cattle breeding and reproduction practices.